20 opciones para parar la deportación en EE.UU.

El gobierno de EE.UU. puede iniciar un proceso de deportacià ³n contra cualquier migrante –incluidos los residentes permanentes legales– si considera que ha cometido una violacià ³n migratoria o un delito que justifica su remocià ³n del paà ­s. El migrante – y su abogado, si lo tiene–, puede seà ±alar el dà ­a en el que tiene lugar la audiencia previa conocida como Master Calendar quà © defensa legal va a argumentar para intentar parar la deportacià ³n. Las opciones son diversas y cada una tiene sus requisitos especà ­ficos, por lo que es conveniente elegir la que tiene mà ¡s posibilidades de ser exitosa y lograr el objetivo de que la deportacià ³n no se llegue a producir. 20 opciones para parar la deportacià ³n en EE.UU. Ciudadanà ­a estadounidense Esta opcià ³n puede parecer extraà ±a, pero se han dado casos en los que Inmigracià ³n ha tratado a un ciudadano como si fuera un extranjero procediendo a su arresto. Si esa es la situacià ³n, debe probarse el error mediante un documento que acredite la nacionalidad estadounidense. Ademà ¡s, en el caso en el que un migrante dude y crea que podrà ­a ser ciudadano, debe comunicarlo al juez y a su abogado. Por ejemplo, en los casos en los que ha nacido en otro paà ­s pero su padre o su madre son ciudadanos e, incluso, si se tiene un abuelo estadounidense. Error administrativo en la notificacià ³n Se puede alegar un defecto de forma en la notificacià ³n del inicio del proceso de deportacià ³n cuando la carta conocida en inglà ©s como Notice to Appear contiene errores. Por ejemplo, nombre o apellidos del migrante no son correctos o la carta la recibià ³ solo el abogado. Tambià ©n hay un defecto de forma cuando la carta se envià ³ a una direccià ³n equivocada aà ºn cuando el migrante notificà ³ correctamente a las autoridades migratorias el cambio de domicilio. El gobierno asigna al migrante delitos que no ha cometido Los procesos de deportacià ³n los inicia el gobierno alegando que un migrante ha cometido un delito o violacià ³n migratoria que lo convierte en inadmisible o deportable. Debe disputare el cargo si el gobierno està ¡ equivocado y no se ha cometido el cargo que se le imputa. Ajuste de estatus El ajuste de estatus es un trà ¡mite que permite a extranjero presente en EE.UU. obtener la condicià ³n de residente permanente legal. Durante un proceso de deportacià ³n, un migrante puede solicitar al juez que ajuste su estatus, siempre que cumpla una serie de requisitos. El caso mà ¡s comà ºn de ajuste de estatus durante un proceso de deportacià ³n tiene lugar cuando el migrante es: esposo/a de ciudadanohijo/a soltero menor de 21 aà ±os de ciudadanopadre o madre de ciudadano, el cual tiene 21 aà ±os de edad o mà ¡s Ademà ¡s, en esos casos se requiere entrada legal a EE.UU. por parte del migrante, aunque en el momento del proceso de deportacià ³n puede tener la condicià ³n de indocumentado porque ha permanecido en el paà ­s mà ¡s tiempo del plazo autorizado. En estos casos, el ciudadano debe pedir a su familiar mediante el formulario I-130 y el migrante debe pedir el ajuste de estatus al juez mediante la planilla I-485, Cabe destacar que ciertos delitos hacen imposible que el juez apruebe este ajuste de estatus. Por ejemplo, cuando el migrante ha sido condenado por: delito de drogasdos felonà ­as por las que el migrante recibià ³ condena de 5 aà ±os o mà ¡sdelito inmoral (turpitude, en inglà ©s). Excepto cuando se recibià ³ condena de seis meses o menos y el mà ¡ximo que se pudo haber recibido era de un aà ±o o menos. Salvo excepciones muy concretas, no se concede el ajuste de estatus a personas contra las que con anterioridad se dictà ³ una orden de deportacià ³n. Perdà ³n 245(i) Otro caso en el que serà ­a posible parar la deportacià ³n mediante un ajuste de estatus es el del perdà ³n 245(i). Aplica a migrantes con peticiones de familia o trabajo antiguas aprobadas presentadas antes del 30 de abril de 2001 pero que no finalizaron los trà ¡mites podrà ­an estar protegidos por la norma 245(i). Si se cree que se tiene derecho a este beneficio, consultar con un abogado porque se podrà ­a parar la deportacià ³n mediante un ajuste de estatus. Perdà ³n 212(h) El perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver por su nombre en inglà ©s, puede ser solicitado varios casos: Por ejemplo, por migrantes en proceso de deportacià ³n que cumplen los requisitos para aplicar por un ajuste de estatus, como se indicà ³ en la seccià ³n anterior, pero que no pueden hacerlo porque les descalifica una condena de delito inmoral. Otro ejemplo de cuando el perdà ³n 212(h) puede ser solicitado es el caso de un residente permanente legal en riesgo de perder perder su estatus por haber cometido un delito. El residente no puede solicitar este perdà ³n si: ha sido condenado por un delito agravado desde que fue admitido como inmigrante a EE.UU.el residente lleva menos de siete aà ±os de residencia continua al inicio del proceso de deportacià ³n. Ademà ¡s, en los casos de solicitud del perdà ³n 212(h) se debe probar que la deportacià ³n del migrante causarà ­a una situacià ³n de dureza extrema a un familiar, el cual es ciudadano o residente. Una excepcià ³n a este requerimiento son los migrantes que se pueden auto-pedir por VAWA. Para la dureza extrema se tienen en cuenta factores como edad del migrante, la edad que tenà ­a cuando ingresà ³ a EE.UU., và ­nculos familiares en EE.UU. y en otros paà ­ses, asimilacià ³n en EE.UU. y participacià ³n comunitaria, situacià ³n econà ³mica de la familia, etc. Este perdà ³n es muy difà ­cil de obtener. Perdà ³n 212 (c) Este perdà ³n aplica a los residentes permanentes en un proceso de deportacià ³n y que calificarà ­an para la cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n excepto por un requisito: cometieron un delito que los descalifica. Si el migrante se declarà ³ culpable de la felonà ­a antes del 1 de abril de 1997 podrà ­a reunir los requisitos para este perdà ³n. Sin embargo, tambià ©n hay situaciones que descalifican por lo que estos casos deben ser estudiados con detenimiento por un abogado. Parole in Place (PIP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) El Parole in Place es una proteccià ³n para migrantes que son cà ³nyuges, viudos, padres o hijos de ciudadanos o residentes que son militares. Para aplicar a este beneficio se requisito que: el migrante hubiera ingresado ilegalmente a EE.UU.que el ciudadano o residente sea militar en activo, en la reserva o veterano licenciado con honor. Ademà ¡s de proteger frente a la deportacià ³n, el Parole in Place podrà ­a ser, en algunos casos, un camino para la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia permanente. Deferred Action para familiares de militares Los migrantes que son cà ³nyuges, viudos, hijos o hijas de militares en activo, miembros de la reserva o veteranos licenciados con honor y que no califican para el Parole in Place podrà ­an beneficiarse de Deferred Action. Es una medida temporal por dos aà ±os y que permite obtener un permiso de trabajo mientras la Deferred Action està ¡ vigente. Cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n (Cancellation of removal, en inglà ©s) El alivio que se conoce cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n como puede ser solicitado por: residentes permanentesmigrantes indocumentadosesposos/as e hijos de ciudadanos o residentes permanentes que son abusadores, en aplicacià ³n de VAWA. Los requisitos para la cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n son diferentes para cada una de esas tres situaciones. Asilo El asilo se puede conceder a las personas que acrediten que no pueden regresar a su paà ­s porque allà ­ han sido perseguidas o teman por motivos fundados que puedan serlo si son deportados por razà ³n de su opinià ³n polà ­tica, raza, religià ³n, nacionalidad o pertenecer a un determinado grupo social. Entre los requisitos mà ­nimos para que el asilo se conceda se encuentran el haberlo solicitado, con carà ¡cter general, en el plazo de un aà ±o a contar desde la fecha de entrada en EEUU, no haber sido condenado por determinadas felonà ­as y no ser un riesgo para la seguridad nacional. Si se aprueba el asilo, el migrante podrà ¡ quedarse en EE.UU., trabajar legalmente, pedir los papeles para sus familiares inmediatos y, dentro de los plazos legales, solicitar la tarjeta de residencia. Ademà ¡s, el migrante con asilo puede recibir beneficios del gobierno como, por ejemplo, voucher Seccià ³n 8 de ayuda para alquilar, cupones de alimentos, Medicaid y otros. Cuando no se cumplen los requisitos para el asilo porque ya ha pasado mà ¡s de un aà ±o desde el ingreso o se han cometido ciertos delitos que impiden que se obtenga este alivio, podrà ­a calificarse para la suspensià ³n de la remocià ³n. Suspensià ³n de la remocià ³n (withholding of removal, en inglà ©s) Cuando no se cumplen los requisitos para el asilo porque ya ha pasado mà ¡s de un aà ±o desde el ingreso o se han cometido ciertos delitos que impiden que se obtenga este alivio, podrà ­a calificarse para la suspensià ³n de la remocià ³n. Para que el juez conceda la suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n, el migrante debe demostrar durante el proceso de deportacià ³n que, si regresa a su paà ­s, hay mà ¡s probabilidad de que no de que va a ser perseguido por razones de raza, nacionalidad, opinià ³n polà ­tica, religià ³n o pertenencia a un grupo social. El migrante que obtiene la suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n puede permanecer en EE.UU. y obtener un permiso de trabajo. Sin embargo, no es un camino directo hacia la tarjeta de residencia permanente. CAT, en casos de riesgo de tortura Bajo la proteccià ³n de la Convencià ³n de Naciones Unidas contra la Tortura y otras formas de Tratamiento o Castigo Cruel, Inhumano o Degradante, un juez de Inmigracià ³n puede determinar que un migrante tiene derecho a permanecer en EE.UU. si, en el caso de ser deportado, hay una probabilidad superior al 50 por ciento de ser torturado. La tortura podrà ­a ser cometida directamente por el gobierno o por un grupo que el gobierno no puede controlar. Es habitual solicitar al mismo tiempo asilo, suspensià ³n de la remocià ³n y CAT en los casos en los que el migrante teme por su seguridad en el caso de ser deportado. Salida aplazada o Deferred Enforced Departure, por su nombre en inglà ©s El Presidente de Estados Unidos puede determinar que los ciudadanos de determinados paà ­ses se beneficien de un aplazamiento temporal en la ejecucià ³n de la deportacià ³n. En estos momentos, solamente los ciudadanos de Liberia que eran titulares de un TPS antes de la terminacià ³n de ese beneficio para ese paà ­s està ¡n amparados por esta medida. Visa U para và ­ctimas de violencia Pueden beneficiarse de la visa U los migrantes que han sufrido cierto tipo de violencia, incluida la de tipo domà ©stico, y cumplen con otros requisitos. En estos momentos los retrasos en la tramitacià ³n de esta visa es, aproximadamente, de cuatro aà ±os. Sin embargo, la presentacià ³n de un caso fuerte de visa U puede parar una remocià ³n de EE.UU. durante el proceso de deportacià ³n. Visa T para và ­ctimas de trà ¡fico de personas Las và ­ctimas de situaciones severas de trà ¡fico humano podrà ­an parar su deportacià ³n con un caso fuerte de calificacià ³n para recibir la visa T. Perdà ³n para refugiados Los refugiados que nunca han aplicado por ajuste de estatus y tienen un rà ©cord criminal pueden solicitar un perdà ³n llenando los formularios I-602 para el waiver y el I-485, para el ajuste. Deben probarse porquà © el refugiado amerita esta proteccià ³n por razones humanitarias. Puede no ser concedido en los casos en los que se considere que el migrante es un peligro para la seguridad nacional o en los casos de trà ¡fico de drogas. Aplazamiento de la deportacià ³n (Stay of removal, en inglà ©s) El aplazamiento de la deportacià ³n (conocido como stay of removal en inglà ©s) es una suspensià ³n temporal de la ejecucià ³n de una orden de deportacià ³n. Es automà ¡ticamente concedida en los casos de apelacià ³n, pero discrecional en otros supuestos. Salida voluntaria La salida voluntaria es una modalidad de alivio discrecional. En estos casos, el migrante sà ­ que debe abandonar EE.UU., pero lo harà ­a en una situacià ³n mà ¡s favorable que una deportacià ³n. TPS y DACA Los migrantes cubiertos por DACA o por TPS no pueden ser deportados por presencia ilegal en EE.UU. mientras sus permisos està ©n vigentes. Sin embargo, cada vez mà ¡s abogados està ¡n hablando de casos en los que sus clientes con DACA aprobado està ¡n recibiendo citaciones para presentarse en corte migratoria. Estos dos programas està ¡n pendientes de resoluciones judiciales que afectarà ¡n a su futuro y que se estima que se producirà ¡n a mediados de 2020 para TPS y en algà ºn momento entre enero y junio de 2020 para DACA. Tips sobre asesorà ­a legal A diferencia de lo que ocurre en los procesos penales, en los migratorios el gobierno no està ¡ obligado a pagar por representacià ³n legal para las personas con bajos recursos econà ³micos. La consecuencia de ello es que mà ¡s en numerosas ocasiones los migrantes no tienen la asesorà ­a de un abogado o de un representante acreditado. Sin embargo, las estadà ­sticas demuestran que los migrantes con asesorà ­a legal multiplican por cinco las posibilidades de obtener un beneficio migratorio, como los mencionados anteriormente en este artà ­culo, en comparacià ³n con los migrantes que comparecen sin asistencia de un letrado. Si no se puede pagar un abogado, se podrà ­a buscar asistencia pro bono, es decir, sin pagar, o a bajo costo a travà ©s de organizaciones reputadas con experiencia en brindar asesorà ­a legal a migrantes.  ¿Quà © sucede despuà ©s de recibir una orden de deportacià ³n? Despuà ©s de recibir una orden de deportacià ³n, el migrante puede apelarla. Una vez que se acaban todas las posibilidades, puede salir del paà ­s por sà ­ mismo o esperar a ser deportado. Una vez fuera de EE.UU. migrante deportado debe cumplir un castigo y durante un nà ºmero de aà ±os no podrà ¡ regresar legalmente a EE.UU. El tiempo del castigo depende de la causa y circunstancias de la deportacià ³n. Mientras se està ¡ cumpliendo el castigo, en algunos casos es posible pedir el perdà ³n I-212, si se cumplen todos los requisitos. Si se solicita y se obtiene su aprobacià ³n, el migrante podrà ­a regresar a EE.UU. antes de cumplir el tiempo de castigo. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que en muchos casos el migrante deberà ­a pedir al mismo tiempo otro perdà ³n y solamente si obtiene la aprobacià ³n de ambos perdones podrà ­a regresarse antes del cumplimiento de los periodos de castigo. Por otro lado, una vez que el migrante ha cumplido el tiempo de castigo impuesto por su deportacià ³n, podrà ¡ regresar a EE.UU. sin pedir perdà ³n. Sin embargo, todavà ­a deberà ¡ cumplir con los requisitos de la visa que desea solicitar y deberà ¡ asegurarse de que no tiene otros castigos pendientes, como una prohibicià ³n permanente. Parar la deportacià ³n: 20 opciones y a quià ©nes podrà ­a aplicar Ajuste de estatus: familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos que ingresaron legalmente. Migrantes con peticiones antiguas.Cancelacià ³n: residentes permanentes, indocumentados y cà ³nyuges e hijos de ciudadanos o residentes abusadores.Parole in place y Deferred Action: familiares de militares, reservistas y veteranosAsilo y Suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n: migrantes que teman ser perseguidos por raza, religià ³n, nacionalidad, opinià ³n polà ­tica o pertenencia a grupo.CAT: miedo a ser torturadoPerdà ³n 212 (h): delitos inmoralesPerdà ³n 212 (c): admisià ³n de delitos antes de 1997Visa U: và ­ctimas violenciaVisa T: và ­ctimas trà ¡fico de personasI-602: perdà ³n para refugiadosDACA: muchachos que llegaron a EE.UU siendo nià ±osTPS: para centroamericanos con ese estatusDeferred Enforced Departure: para ciudadanos de LiberiaSalida Voluntaria: dejar EE.UU. sin estigma de deportacià ³nStay: suspensià ³n temporal de la ejecucià ³n de una orden de deportacià ³n Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The Nuclear Theory Of The Atomic Theory - 1363 Words

The Atomic Theory The atomic theory is a fundamental scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms, which came from the Greek word atomon, meaning ‘uncuttable’. This theory was based on the concept that any given item in the universe could be broken down using pico- and femtometer atomic/subatomic/alpha particles. If this idea had never been composed, science would have suffered as a result and many scientists would not have been known for their raison d’etre’s. Traveling back to the time era of Aristotle and Democritus, around 400 BCE, we start at the beginning stages of the atomic theory of. While Democritus disagreed, Aristotle believed that matter could be divided infinitely without changing it’s properties. Democritus strongly believed that an atom was the smallest particle you could reach, and once you reach that part it was no longer divisible. He called this particle an atom, or iginating from the Greek word atomos (no longer divisible). A man that most are unaware of is Leucippus. This man is a philosopher who, credited by Aristotle and Theophrastus, has supposedly originated the theory of atomism. By being a philosopher, he had the experience of having Democritus as his most famous pupil. With this in history, it has been hard to distinguish his contributions to science from that of Democritus’. However, with the two men (Aristotle and Democritus) disagreeing, it was extremely hard to tell whoShow MoreRelatedThe Nuclear Theory Of The Atomic Theory Essay2134 Words   |  9 Pages The Atomic Theory’s Scientist are Mostly German Thomas Britton Kate Caufield New Albany Mr. Mumaw’s 6th Period Chemistry  Abstract The atomic theory has been worked on since around 400 BC. It is a theory that helps us to understand what everything in the universe is made of and what those particles are made of. It also helps us to describe the relationship between the sub-particles and how they may contribute to different aspects of the atom, like it s mass or charge. These atomsRead MoreDemocritus of Abdera and the Discovery of the Atom700 Words   |  3 Pagesscientists from the U.S detonate the first nuclear weapon, which unintentionally, later ushers in a cold war. After the cold war, the development of nuclear power leads to serious complications as several units fail, making people question its use in modern day society. Democritus of Abdera was a greek philosopher born around 460 BC, a cheerful and blissful man. He was one of the two founding fathers of the Atomic Theory. His thought process on the theory, was that matter was comprised of tiny buildingRead MoreThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthere was a conspiracy towards the atoms due to nobody actually seeing them. What part of the Atomic Theory did they investigate? Ernest Rutherford was responsible for a many different discoveries such as radioactivity and nuclear physics. He discovered alpha and beta rays, found the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei. Most important, he postulated the nuclear structure of the atom this structure was known as Rutherford model. Rutherford overturned ThomsonRead MoreNuclear Proliferation : The United States1628 Words   |  7 PagesAmin Anjedani International Relations Professor Manson 14 May 2015 Nuclear Proliferation The proliferation, or rapid increase in numbers, of nuclear weapons among states, has become an incredibly trying and pressing issue in our world today. Tensions between states that have nuclear capabilities are reaching all time highs and fingers are being pointed in every direction. However, the entire issue regarding nuclear proliferation begins with the United States. In 1945, World War II came to anRead MoreThe Science Of The Chemistry1035 Words   |  5 Pagesand important people including explanations of key discoveries, ideas and their contribution to the accepted theories of today. By 1830 there were more than 50 elements known. In 1934 the element uranium, with atomic number of 92 was found. Democritus known as to how atoms were created. His ideas influenced on modern science and he is remembered for his formulation of the atomic theory of the universe. He found Aristotle to be the biggest contributor to discoveries in natural science. Democritus’Read MoreAtomic Bomb Dbq949 Words   |  4 Pagesweapon, known as â€Å"the atomic bomb,† was used on the two Japanese cities: Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulting in a death toll unprecedented by any military weapon used before and an immediate, unconditional surrender. Some historians believe President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb in order to intimidate the Soviet Union whereas others believe it was a strictly military measure designed to force Japan’s unconditional surrender. In the Report of a Scientific Panel of nuclear physicists, some scientificRead MoreAlbert Enstein1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthe universally accepted theory that light consists of smoothly oscillating electromagnetic waves. B ut Einstein showed that light quanta, as he called the particles of energy, could help to explain phenomena being studied by experimental physicists. For example, he made clear how light ejects electrons from metals. There was a well-known kinetic energy theory that explained heat as an effect of the ceaseless motion of atoms; Einstein proposed a way to put the theory to a new and crucial experimentalRead MoreOrigin of the Earth1741 Words   |  7 PagesTHEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE 1. Steady State Theory #8211; based on the perfect cosmological principle that the universe looks the same from any location at anytime. This theory holds that the universe is unchanging, it has no beginning and no end. 2. Big Bang Theory #8211; presupposes that the vast universe grew out of something where all matter and energy were compressed to infinite density and heated to trillions of degrees (a beginning which was an immensely small particle of high-densityRead More The Discovery and Development of Nuclear Technology Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Discovery and Development of Nuclear Technology Man has always been interested in how the world around him works. He wondered about the structure of matter,of which his world, as well as our world, is made up. Countless scientists have been pondering that same question ever since the beginning of time. In this paper you will read about just a few of the men and women that broke the ground for the nuclear technology of today. One of the first people to do this was a GreekRead MoreBiography Of Julius Robert Oppenheimer, An Artist And Julius Oppenheimer1114 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity in England to study physics thus beginning his atomic research in the Cavendish Laboratory under J.J. Thomson. Then at the age of 22 he was invited to team up with Max Born at Gottingen University in Germany. There he developed the Born-Oppenheimer Method. This method was an important addition to the Quantum Molecular Theory. Quantum theory is the origin of modern physics that explains the behavior and nature of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic plane. He left Gottingen in 1927 with

International Corporation

Question: Explain the Role of Expatriates in International Corporation. Answer: Concept of Expatriates Multinational Corporations have now faced with a critical role of assigning human resources for the competitiveness of the global business. Developing global leaders for International Corporation is very useful for successfully handling the global business out of domestic markets. According to Min, Magnini and Singal (2013), International Corporation faces many challenges in operating multinational business in host countries due to different cultural barriers and different business practices ran by different countries in the host countries. On the other hand, Wiese (2013) opined that due of geographically dispersed location, the subsidiary organizations of the International corporations may not operate according to the standard set by the head quarter of the organization. These can lead to lack of interdependence among the subsidiaries of International Corporations. On the other hand, communication gap between the head quarter and subsidiary organization may lead to risk due to not p roviding timely information between the two groups. In such a situation, Expatriates is the right choice for the International Corporations who are assigned the role of leadership in the subsidiary companies of foreign countries. According to the previous researcher, the expatriates of International Corporation of Jordan are responsible for coordinating and managing different cultures other countries and transferring required information between the associated organizations. Role of Expatriates in International Corporation According to Muenjohn (2015), the role of expatriates is associated with holding the top managerial role and key position in the functional departments of the subsidiaries in foreign country. On the other hand, Altman and Baruch (2012) opined that expatriates are high skilled workers of the organization with unique skills who are sent by the International corporations in foreign countries to work under other unit of same organization. According to Brewster et al. (2014), International Corporations of Jordan send the expatriates to foreign countries for adjusting different culture and managing the interdependencies among the branches of the organizations. According to Vaiman, Haslberger and Vance (2015), expatriates of International Corporations of Jordan are always concerned about providing timely information between the head quarter and subsidiaries of the organization. Therefore, consistency of information between the subsidiary branches of the organization is maintained properly b y reducing risk of the International Corporation. On the other hand, Wiese (2013) opined that the role of expatriates are also be reflected in sharing the international experience of managerial role that can enhance the effectiveness of managerial role of home country organizations through applying the international experience properly. The previous researcher has argued that the primary role of expatriates is sharing knowledge in between the home country and host country organization for minimizing complexities associated with business project. Issues in managing Expatriates Resource Based Theory of International Corporations suggests that expatriates are concerned regarding the displaying the economic interest of the organization in its home country and its host country. However, the International Corporation faces several challenges in managing expatriates in the host countries who are engaged in the subsidiary branches. It has been fund that the management of Event consultants in Jordan faces difficulties in managing expatriates due the adjustment issues of the family of the expatriates in the foreign country (Harzing et al. 2015). Many times, it can be found that expatriates lack appropriate training in managing new project in foreign subsidiaries. Monetary interest of expatriates also prevents the expatriates in properly communicating the information between the head quarter and subsidiary of the International organization. According to Min, Magnini and Singal (2013), the expatriates of United Chemicals Mkt Est Co Ltd in Jordan faces lot of issues r egarding the advance technology in developed countries. It can also be found that management of the International Corporation sometimes fails to delivering timely information to the expatriates for managing the foreign subsidiaries. Contextual Model of Expatriate management Contextual Model of Expatriate management suggests a proper management of expatriates so that coordination between the head quarter and foreign subsidiaries of International Corporation is maintained properly. According to Muenjohn (2015), the International Corporations should clearly set the strategies and goals of the organizations and communicate it with the expatriates so that they can further communicate with foreign agents. This goals and strategies are set with respect to the maturity level of subsidiary organization in host country and culture of the organization established in host country and home countries. On the other hand, Altman and Baruch (2012) opined that the organization should clearly clarify the expectation of organizations from them so that their job role is transparent to them. The effectiveness of the engaging expatriates would reflect when the organization would continuously evaluate the performance of the expatriates. Performance management should be the par t of daily management of the International Corporation. In order to keep the expatriates engaged in their job role and maintaining their transparency in the organization, the organization should give training to the expatriates and give performance related pay (Vaiman, Haslberger and Vance 2015). Figure 1: Contextual Model of Expatriate management Reference List Altman, Y. and Baruch, Y., 2012. Global self-initiated corporate expatriate careers: a new era in international assignments?.Personnel Review,41(2), pp.233-255. Brewster, C., Bonache, J., Cerdin, J.L. and Suutari, V., 2014. Exploring expatriate outcomes.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(14), pp.1921-1937. Chaawla, D. and Sondhi, N., 2012. Research methodology concepts and cases.International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences,2(6), pp.403-405. Fenwick, M.S., De Cieri, H.L. and Welch, D.E., 2013. The Role of Expatriate Performance Management.Management and International Review: Strategic Issues in International Human Resource Management, p.3107. Harzing, A.W., Pudelko, M. and Sebastian Reiche, B., 2015. The bridging role of expatriates and inpatriates in knowledge transfer in multinational corporations.Human Resource Management. Liamputtong, P., 2016. Qualitative research methodology and evidence-based practice in public health.Public Health, p.171. Min, H., P. Magnini, V. and Singal, M., 2013. Perceived corporate training investment as a driver of expatriate adjustment.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(5), pp.740-759. Misan.com.tw. 2016. SMART TOOLS ORGANIZER Manufacturer and Supplier of MISAN INDUSTRY CORPORATION -Taiwan,China, Asia,Screwdriver Rack, Wrench Rack, Socket Rack, Wrench Rack, Tool Rack. Muenjohn, N., 2015. Transformational leadership: The influence of culture on the leadership behaviours of expatriate managers.international Journal of Business and information,2(2). Neuman, W. L., and Robson, K. 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Novikov, A.M. and Novikov, D.A., 2013.Research methodology: From philosophy of science to research design(Vol. 2). CRC Press. Pierre, E. A. S. 2012. Post qualitative research.Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials, 447. Vaiman, V., Haslberger, A. and Vance, C.M., 2015. Recognizing the important role of self-initiated expatriates in effective global talent management.Human Resource Management Review,25(3), pp.280-286. Wiese, D.L., 2013. Psychological Health of Expatriate Spouses: A Neglected Factor in International Relocation.Asian Journal of Counselling,20(1-2), pp.1-31.

Tess Fatalism Essay Example For Students

Tess Fatalism Essay Tess FatalismIf written today, Tess of the durbervilles by Thomas Hardy may have been called Just Call Me Job or Tess: Victim of Fate. Throughout this often bleak novel, the reader is forced by Tesss circumstance to sympathize with the heroine (for lack of a better term) as life deals her blow after horrifying blow. One of the reasons that the reader is able to do so may be the fatalistic approach Hardy has taken with the life of the main character. Hardy writes Tess as a victim of Fate. This allows the reader to not blame her for the things that happen around her. Much of the critical debate surrounding Tess centers around this very point: Is Tess a victim? Are the things that happen to Tess beyond her control or could she have fought her way out of her circumstances? Better yet, could Hardy have written her out of her troubles or did his fatalistic approach to the novel force him to ultimately sacrifice poor Tess? Further, Is Hardys approach to the novel and its main character tru ly fatalistic? In this essay, I will explore these questions and the doctrine of Fatalism as it applies to Tess. Fatalism is defined in Websters Dictionary as the doctrine that all things take place by inevitable necessity (175). Fatalism is the idea that all actions are controlled by Fate, a primitive force that exists independent of human wills and outside of the controls of power of a supreme being such as God because God ultimately has no power; he is a creation of man who granted Him His power. Since He doesnt truly possess those powers, he is left without the ability to alter circumstances. In short, if one subscribes to this doctrine, you believe that Fate controls how things happen and God can do nothing to save you, even Tess. Overall, Tess seems to go through life experiencing one negative event after another. Fateful incidents, overheard conversations and undelivered letters work against her ability to control the path her life takes. Tesss future seems locked up from the beginning of the novel. As the story opens, we first meet her father and learn of Tesss ancestry: Durbeyfieldare the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the dUrbervillesthat renowned knight who came from Normandyif knighthood were hereditary, like a baronetcyJohn would be Sir John (4). Somehow the reader knows almost immediately that this knowledge isnt necessarily going to save the poor clan, especially once we learn of the Fate of Tesss ancestors: Where do we dUrbervilles live? asks Sir John to the parson who responds, You dont live anywhere. You are extinct (5). If one believes in the concept of natural selection, they probably realize rather quickly that this isnt the best family from which to descend. Tess seems to sense her doomed state. This is evidenced in her identification with the dUrberville clan. Examples of this are her ability to see or hear the dUrberville Coach and her realization of her resemblance to the dUrberville woman of the farmhouse at Wellbridge: Tesss fine features were unquestionably traceable in these exaggerated forms (277). These eerie events suggest that the fated dUrberville blood undoubtedly flows through her veins. Another example of Tesss awareness of being ill fated is when she meets Alec. Tess laments about her fate: Had she perceived this meetings import she might have asked why she was doomed to be seen and converted that day by the wrong man, and not by some other man, the right and desired one in all respects (75). She may not have known what to call it, but she definitely applies the doctrine of Fatalism to herself which according to author Leonard Doob is a telltale sign of a person who feels fated: When the principal is judging himself in this case, herself and believes that fate is affecting him, his perception is usually direct: he introspects, thinks, or meditates. But he may respond indirectly when someone else, an observer,, gives him information about himselfFatalism by a principal, th erefore, is a pessimistic inevitability doctrine applied by him about himself to himself (7). If Tess didnt start life feeling as though Fate was working against her, there are plenty of incidents which could easily convince her: the death of the family horse because of her negligence, the letter of confession that slipped beneath the carpet and caused her to enter into marriage as a deception, the death of her father, and the return of Angel just too late. Incident after incident seem to point to only one thing: Tess was not meant to have a happy existence. So does Tess believe that God can save her? Throughout the novel, we see Tess moving away from God. She is appalled by the evangelical sign-painter warning of damnation and tells him that his teachings are horriblecursingkilling refusing to believe that God said such things (97). Later, realizing that God cant help her, Tess prays to Angel confessing her new religion in a letter: It has been so much my religion ever since we wer e married to be faithful to you in every thought and look (127). Even Angel seems aware that God wont save Tess, thinking as he left, But, might some say, where was Tesss guardian angel? Where was the providence of her simple faith? Perhaps, like that other god of whom the ironical Tishbite spoke, he was talking, or he was pursuing, or he was in a journey, or he was sleeping and not to be awaked (..93). Other characters seem to buy into the idea of Fate as well. At the dairy, Angel chooses Tess over the other dairymaids who love Angel as much as she does, but the dairymaids cant be mad at Tess because it is Fate which has made the choice: Are you sure you dont dislike me for it? said Tess in a low voiceI dont knowI dont know, murmured Retty Priddle. I want to hate ee; but I cannot! Thats how I feel, echoed Izz and Marian (12). Now we turn to the question of whether or not Hardy could have saved Tess or if he believed that Fate had determined his choices. There were chances throughou t the novel for Hardy to give Tess a break and throw her a bone. He chose not to do so. Critic Arnold Kettle see this decision as a necessity: Tesss death is artistically as inevitable as JulietsShe is up against a social situation that she can do nothing to resolve except tragically, with drastic human loss (23). It seems that if Hardy was to have been true to his art, he had no choice but to kill poor Tess. It would be an error in criticism, however, to claim without a doubt that Fate is the key player in Tesss demise. In fact, It is actually rather easy to argue the other side of the coin. Hardys fatalism is extremely flawed. When in a pinch, he often relies on coincidence to further beat Tess down: Alec showing up to save Tess after the party; his reappearance as preacher; the letter slipping under the carpet; Angel slugging a man that turns up later as Tesss boss. One could argue that this is all a bit too convenient. Critic Dorothy Van Ghent seems to agree saying, We have all read or heard criticism of Hardy for his excessive reliance upon coincidence in the management of his narrativeshe appears to be too much the puppeteer working wires or strings to make events conform to his pessimistic and fatalistic ideas (56). Hardy ultimately plays God in a novel where God is missing and throws negative circumstances in places where they may not have been without his manipulation. But you still have to admit, on the whole, our poor Tess still seems quite fated. So is Tess and ultimately Hardy responsible for the things that happen to our heroine or is there something larger working against her? Critic Leon Waldoff writes that It seems impossible to read the novel with a complete disregard of the idea that Tess is somehow responsible for her fateThe narration is everywhere buttressed by words such as doomed, destined, and fated. But the critical linking is never made and one remains uncertain about why Tesss fate is inevitable (135). That moment of doubt and the u nresolved question is where the argument of Fatalism in Tess gains its momentum. One point that I feel must be made. Some argue, including my fellow classmates, that it was destiny that bring Alec and Tess together. I would argue that it is not destiny but Fate. Often used as a synonym for destiny, Fate differs slightly but significantly from the idea of destiny. Author Leonard Doob explains in his book, Inevitability, the difference between the concepts: fate is associated with doom, which usually has the same negative connotationthere can be no hesitation that the principal with a fatal disease will gave a negative experienceDestiny, on the other hand, frequentlyagain by no means alwayssuggests good fortune and is herewith assigned an association with positive effect (7). I think we can all agree that Tess suffers from a deficiency of good fortune so it must be Fate, not destiny, that continues to deal her a losing hand. There will most likely never be agreement on Tesss and Hardy s ability to change the outcome of the novel. Not ever really burying his flaws very deeply, Hardy seems to challenge the notion that the flaws were necessary and lend themselves to the books readability. Critic Dorothy Van Ghent supports this idea writing that Hardy has, with great cunning, reinforced the necessity of the folk fatalism, and folk magicTheir philosophy and their skills in livingare indestructible, their attitudes toward events authoritatively urge a similar fatalism upon the reader, impelling him to an imaginative acceptance of the doomrwrought series of accidents in the foreground of action (57). It appears that Hardy intentionally left doubt as to Tesss playing into Fate or if she is playing against it. But that is why the novel still grabs the reader like a good soap opera. Hardy, through his Fatalistic approach, invokes sympathy and concern for poor Tess that keeps the reader turning each page in breathless anticipation for whats next. Debate as we will, it can n ot be denied that Hardy wrote a truly gripping novel. Bibliography Doob, Leonard. Inevitability: Determinism, Fatalism, and Destiny. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the dUrbervilles. New York: MacMillan, 1991. Kettle, Arnold. Introduction to Tess of the dUrbervilles. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Tess of the dUrbervilles. Ed. Albert LaValley, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969. 14-29. Van Ghent, Dorothy. On Tess of the dUrbervilles. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Tess of the dUrbervilles. Ed. Albert LaValley, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969. 48-61. Waldoff, Leon. Psychological Determinism in Tess of the dUrbervilles. Critical Approaches to the Fiction of Thomas Hardy. Ed. Dale Kramer, London: MacMillan Press, 1979. 135-154. .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 , .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .postImageUrl , .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 , .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:hover , .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:visited , .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:active { border:0!important; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:active , .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6 .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8b4372e07c3114e73862c33d3bc17b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Hotel Dreamland Business Proposal Essay We will write a custom essay on Tess Fatalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Aristophanis essays

Aristophanis essays By most accounts Aristophanes was the greatest comic writer of his day. On his shoulders alone rests an entire age of comedy. By the time Aristophanes began to write his comedies, the people of Athens were increasingly demoralized by the ongoing conflicts of the Peloponnesian War. That is why in most of his plays there are tones of apprehension and grief. Lysistrata was written twenty-one years into the Peloponnesian War. Although the play is light-hearted, it was written out of the writers grief over the thousand of men who died in the terrible defeat that the Athenians suffered in Syracuse. The play begins in a public square in Athens. There Lysistrata awaits the other women to explain to them the details of her plan to bring peace in Greece. At the time Athens was at war with Sparta and other cities. Most of the men where at war, a lot of them died, and the rest would come back only to relax for a few days enjoy the pleasure of their wives and go back to war. To Lysistrata that was unacceptable, so she gathered the women from Athens, Sparta and the rest of the cities that were at war and made them take an oath that they will not sleep with their husbands until peace was made and the war would be finally over. The other women were against it at the beginning, but soon they realized that a sex strike was the only thing that they could use to convince their husbands to make peace. At the same time that the meeting was going on the elderly women of Athens took over Acropolis. Acropolis then became their fortress, all the women gathered inside and would not come out until peace was made. They were constantly threaded by the men to stop their strike but with no results. Some women did break but Lysistrata was always there to convince them that this had to be done. Her plan worked and Aristophanes used the example of Myrrhine and her husband Cinesias to show us how the women tortured the men and made them get toge...

Benefits and dangers of ethical hacking

Benefits and dangers of ethical hacking Introduction According to Media Wiley (n. d), Ethical hacking can be defined as the practice of breaking into an organizations computer system without any malicious intent. Ethical hacking is intended to sturdy and analyzes the security of information systems as well as the possible remedies for such security threats.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits and dangers of ethical hacking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethical hacklers are individuals who are known to have strong programming, and computer networking skills. Before conducting a system security audit, the ethical hacker must plan himself and create a plan of action that will ensure the success of the ethical hacking test (Palmer, 2001). The following are some of the steps that are involved in an ethical hacking plan; Identifying all the networks that are going to be tested Developing a testing interval Developing the testing processes Creating a pla n, and sharing it with the relevant stakeholders Getting the plan approval In 1970, the United States government employed the services of experts who were known as â€Å"red teams† to hack into its computers, in order to determine the system vulnerabilities. Ever since the inception of the ethical hacking concept in 1970, the term has gained considerable usage in the past as well as in the current computer systems. For example, large companies such as IBM, maintains a team of highly qualified ethical hackers who maintain their systems. Ethical hacking to some extent has some benefits associated with it. Some scholars argue that, ethical hacking has some disadvantages and dangers (Fadia, 2003). This essay is going to critically evaluate the advantages and dangers associated with ethical hacking.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background information The sprout growth of internet has brought various good things such as collaborative computing, social networking, e- commerce, educational materials and products, e-mail services and advertising products among many. With the above spontaneous dynamics in the use of technology and the internet, there is an increased concern about the security of information (Khare, 2006). Many governments institutions, individuals, private companies, and organizations would love to be part, and parcel of this revolution, but they are afraid that their web servers might be hacked by malicious hackers. Malicious hackers break into an organization web server and corrupt an organization website. They might replace information on a company’s website with pornographic materials. Hackers might also read a company’s e-mails, steal user’s credit card details, or implant software that can read a company’s secrets and transmits them to the open internet (Elizabeth Kitchen, 2010). In order to g uarantee the security of organizations information on the internet, then, the organization needs to be aware of the available security threats hackers pose. One way of doing so, is by having a qualified and trusted ethical hacker perform a security and hacking test on the organizations data (Elizabeth Kitchen, 2010). Discussion As earlier stated, the security of an organizations data is very important, and organizations should try to enhance data security especially over the internet. One such way of guaranteeing internet and computer system security is by conducting an ethical hacking test. Even though ethical hacking has some advantages associated with it, it has some disadvantages and flaws associated with it. The advantages of ethical hacking The following are some of the advantages associated with the use of ethical hacking in an organization. It helps fight terrorism and national security breaches Leads to a computer system that prevents malicious hackers gaining access to a n organization data. Leads to adoption of preventive measures. It helps fight terrorism and national security breaches Ethical hacking has been known to help fight terrorism and national security breaches in a country. Ethical hackers will always hack into websites of various terrorist groups and obtain information regarding the activities of the group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits and dangers of ethical hacking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such hackers will obtain information regarding the activities the terrorist group is planning. Such information is paramount and important towards fighting terrorism activities. Various security measures are taken by the relevant stakeholders to ensure the terrorists do not go on with their plans (Elizabeth Kitchen, 2010). Also, ethical hacking helps fight against national security breaches. A national security breach may be an act like hacking into a countries police force computer system in order to gain information for malicious use. Ethical hacking eliminates the cases of national security breaches because it ensures that, an organizations computer system is more secure and robust and less prone to malicious hacking threats. After conducting an ethical hacking process, an organization is able to develop sound security measures that will prevent malicious hacking, hence, reducing cases of national security breaches (Elizabeth Kitchen, 2010). Leads to adoption of preventive measures One major aim of conducting ethical hacking is to determine the various loopholes and security lapses in an organization’s computer system. After conducting an ethical hacking test, relevant measures can be adopted that will ensure security of organization information (Farsole Kashikar Zunzunwala, 2010). For example, the recent hacking of the International Criminal Court email system by some hackers prompted the ICC to develop and adopt measures tha t guarantees maximum information security. Also, the hacking of the Kenya police force website prompted the government of Kenya to adopt relevant measures that guaranteed the security of the police force information.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government set up an internet crime response task force that was mandated with monitoring any hacking attempts to the Kenya police force website. Also, the government adopted a security measure where by users are supposed to create an account on the police force website in order to access vital information of the police force. Leads to a computer system that is secure Another aim of conducting ethical hacking is to identify the flaws that are in the current computer system. Data and results obtained from an ethical hacking exercise can be used to identify the loopholes and flaws in an organization computer system. Such flaws are then rectified and the end result is a robust and more secure system (Farsole Kashikar Zunzunwala, 2010) For example relevant software and hardware will be added to the computer system in order to boost the security level of the computer system. For example, a company might decide to install more firewalls in its computer system as well as adopt other security measures like using of user accounts. Also, some measures like user authentication in order to identify what users are assessing on the company website. Dangers of using ethical hacking There are some dangers and risks involved in ethical hacking. The following are some of the dangers which are associated with ethical hacking; The ethical hacker might use the information to do malicious acts Exposes a company financial and banking details Ethical hackers may place a malicious code, malware, or viruses in the computer system. The ethical might use the information to do malicious acts Ethical hacking is an exercise that entirely depends on the honesty and integrity of the ethical hacker. If the ethical hacker is trustworthy, then the security of data is guaranteed. On the other hand, if the ethical hacker is untrustworthy, then, an organization data is at risk. The ethical might use the information obtained from an ethical hacking exercise to damage the company or develop a similar system. This is detrimental to an organization since it threatens the organizations autonomy over its information. Not all ethical hackers are trustworthy; hence ethical hacking poses a great danger to the security of organization information (Palmer, 2001). Exposes financial and banking details of a company It is every organization aim to make profits and stay at the forefront in terms of competitive advantage. Hence some organizations are ready and willing to do anything at the expense of making and staying at the forefront in terms of competitive advantage. Ethical hacking exposes a company’s financial and banking details to people who are conducting the ethical hacking exercise (Elizabeth Kitchen, 2010). Some ethical hackers may sell this kind of information to other companies who are undertaking similar business. This puts the organization at the brink of collapse since the company success secretes are known. This secretes can be used against the company to com pletely destroy it, hence ethical hacking has a danger of exposing a company’s financial, banking and success secrets to potential competitors (Khare, 2006). Ethical hackers may add a malicious code into the computer system Some ethical hackers are untrustworthy and might at one point add a malicious code, virus or malware into an organizations computer system. Viruses and malware are programs which are designed to alter the normal operations o a program without the knowledge and consent of the user. Such viruses and malware will corrupt the normal operation of a program and might as well lead to low system performance. Also, malicious codes can corrupt the data and files making which might lead to data loss (Elizabeth Kitchen, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, with the increasing internet usage and increased applications on internet, the security of data is quite important. In order to guarantee data security, an organization needs to understand how to counteract the threat posed by malicious hackers. One such way is to conduct an ethical hacking exercise which is aimed at identifying the loopholes within a computer system. Ethical hacking is purely based on the trust and honesty of the ethical hacker, hence, when entrusting the task of ethical hacking in the hands of an ethical hacker, it is of great importance that an organization should carefully select a trustworthy individual to conduct the exercise. The main focus and goal of ethical hacking should be geared towards improving system security and note unmasking a company’s secretes. Organizations should also be at the forefront in adopting new technologies that guarantees maximum information security. The adopted measures should be in-line with the new advances that are being experienced in the information and communications technology field. Organizations should not maintain the status quo but should instead be at the fore front in adopting continuous improvements in its processes. Referen ce List Elizabeth, R Kitchen, C. (2010). Ethical hacking; Understanding the benefits, Goals  and Disadvantages. Retrieved from   https://www.brighthub.com/internet/security-privacy/articles/77412.aspx Fadia, A. (2003). Unofficial guide to ethical hacking. S. l: Premier. Farsole, A Kashikar, A Zunzunwala, A. (2010). Ethical hacking. International journal  of computer applications, 1(10), 229-380. Khare, R. (2006). Network security and ethical hacking. Beckington: Luniver Press. Media Wiley (n. d). Introduction to Ethical Hacking. Retrieved from http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/4X/07645578/076455784X.pdf Palmer, C. (2001). Ethical hacking. IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, 20(3)

HSBC is the world's local bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HSBC is the world's local bank - Essay Example Through an international network linked by advanced technology, including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services: personal financial services; commercial banking; corporate, investment banking and markets; private banking; and other activities. HSBC starts offering its e-banking since several years ago among other pioneers in banking services such as Citibank. Firstly, with regardless of absolute convenience of using online services, many existing clients of HSBC treated with suspicious, but later lots of customers started using it. Besides e-banking helped HSBC to attract new customers, who were pleased of arrange for different payments via Internet, mobiles etc. HSBC specialists analysed, and then approved, that remote e-banking operations were cheaper comparing with using classic method with bank clerks' client servicing at the bank's branches. Surely, reliable and fast-acting e-bank system costs rather expensive, and should be constantly upgraded to reflect the new services, security requirements, the possibility of servicing growing customers' data base. But nevertheless it became bore profitable and allowed customers to have full secure access to their personal accounts. The work entitled: "European Online Banking Strategies" published by Business Insights (2006) states that "eBanking is viewed as a 'must have' by retail banks across Europe. The need to keep up with competitors, retain existing customers and attract new ones has drive the market forward." (Business Insights, 2006) Figure 1 - Total Internet Banking Customers as a Proportion of Retail Banking Population Source: Business Insights (2006) The Business Insights Report 2006 states that: "Overall Internet banking customers will grow from 2% of the European retail banking population in 1999 to 9% in 2004" (Business Insights, 2006) Figure 2 - European e-learning IT expenditures 1999 & 2004 Source: Business Insights (2006) Further related by the Business Insights (2006) report is that: "European eBanking IT expenditure will grow from $302m in 1999 to almost $1.4bn in 2004 a CAGR of 30.9%. The most significant country market in terms of eBanking expenditure in 1999 was the UK which accounted for 27.3% of expenditure." (Business Insights, 2006) Figure 3 - Growth of European ITV Banking Users, 1999-2004 Source: Business Insights (2006) Business Insights also reveals in its report that: "As premium becomes more established, the demand for increasingly indulgent and sensory tastes will become a more important driver, while income-related factors will decline in importance. (Business Insights, 2006) Figure 4 - European e-baking IT expenditures, by project type Source: Business Insights (2006) Finally related by the Business Insights Report (2006) is the fact that: "A key element of expenditure on developing full banking services was the integration of additional lines of business to allow online application, authorization and management. For example online approval in principle for loans, mortgages and

Human Resource Management for Service Idustries Assignment

Human Resource Management for Service Idustries - Assignment Example used on integrating the traditional functions of personnel management in the corporate strategies and objectives of a business is that additional human resource oriented functions of an organization can be adequately performed. In contrast, PM involves the use of traditional personnel management approaches to ensure the maintenance of equitable conditions for employment. The tourism and hospitality service sector is a diverse sector in terms of employment trends and patterns. In some regions and geographical areas, hospitality and tourism act as a high status and attractive employment industry which displays a competitive pay scale and supportive working conditions. In contrast, many of the sub sectors of the hospitality and tourism sector are marked with low pay for the employees, high staff turnover rates, poor working conditions, exploitation of the socially disadvantaged communities, the lack of effective recruitment and selection skills in the key areas and the absence of an adequate level of professionalism and fair practices in the human resource management systems. In such scenarios, the human resource managers of the hospitality and tourism sectors face complex challenges while recruiting, selecting, developing and retaining a competent, well motivated, engaged, committed and well managed group of employees. It can be argued that all these human resource management factors are absolutely necessary for maintaining desirable levels of performance standards and efficiency within an organization. Therefore, the role of the HRM becomes more profound in the current dynamic and continually changing landscape of the service sector. Since any service industry, including the tourism and hospitality industry extensively depends on the direct communication of the company personnel and representatives with the customers and on the level of customer services provided to the clientele groups, therefore, the role of human resource personnel is highly significant in

Drama and Theater Essay Example for Free

Drama and Theater Essay What is drama? What are the similarities and differences between Greek Drama, Renaissance Drama, Kabuki Drama, and Contemporary Drama? Drama is tension. In the context of a play in a theatre, tension often means that the audience is expecting something to happen between the characters on stage. Will they shoot each other? Will they finally confess their undying love for one another? Drama derived from the Greek verb dran, meaning â€Å" to act† or â€Å"to do†, refers to actions or deeds as they are performed in a theatrical setting for the benefit of a body of spectators. Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera is sung throughout; musicals include spoken dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have regular musical accompaniment (Banham, 1998). Drama was the crowning glory of the Athenian Age. This period has been called by different terms. It has been called the Age of Pericles because Pericles was the ruling power in Athens at the time. It has been also called the Athenian Age because Athens became the white-hot literary center of Greece, and it has been called the Golden Age because the drama flourished during this period. There were three great tragic writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes, the greatest writer of comedy the world has ever produced ( Serrano Lapid, 1987, p. 26) Drama and Theater The theatre of ancient Greece, or ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece between c. 550 and c. 220 BCE. It is true that there is much in human nature that loves dramatic presentation, for man loves to imitate other persons. Gestures by a narrator or an orator may be considered dramatic, but these are only disjointed actions; there is a wide step between this and dramatic actions. The Greeks gave the drama as a literary form to the world. The drama of antiquity is very different from the drama as we now know it. It had dignity, nobility, and power. It had little of the spontaneity and easy naturalness of modern plays. The Greek drama was cut up into situations or episodes, and between these episodes were choral recitations of great length. These choral recitations, though they had beauty and power, slowed the action and interrupted the forward movement of the story. The choruses however, were visually attractive. The participants, competed with each other in the splendor of their dresses and the excellence of their singing and dancing (Serrano and Lapid, 1987, p. 26-27). Some example of the Greek drama were the Story of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra , by Aeschylus and The story of Oedipus The King by Sophocles (p. 28). Primary in a true appreciation of Renaissance drama is the poetry. The theatre of their day was a poetical one. Rather than being confused by the poetry we find in these plays, we need to understand why the poetical theatre was, and is, superior in expression and more powerful in emotion than a realistic one. Their stage was conventionalor poetical while todays stage is realistic. As an example, in Shakespeares Timon of Athens Timon is disgusted with mankind, hating all of the supposedly decent people he knows. When confronted by thieves he tells them to go about their work merrily; everyone steals, and he offers examples of thievery: Ill example you with thievery: The suns a thief, and with his great attraction Robs the vast sea; the moons an arrant thief, And her pale fire she snatches from the sun; The seas a thief, whose liquid surge resolves The moon into salt tears; the earths a thief, That feeds and breeds by a composture stoln From genral excrement; each thingss a thief. (Timon of Athens 4. 3. 438-45). Kabuki, like other traditional forms of drama in Japan as well as in other cultures around the world, was (and sometimes still is) performed in full-day programs. Rather than attending a single play for 2–5 hours, as one might do in a modern Western-style theater, one would escape from the day-to-day world, devoting a full day to entertainment in the theater district. Though some plays, particularly the historical jidaimono, might go on for an entire day, most plays were shorter and would be arranged, in full or in part, alongside other plays in order to produce a full-day program. This was because it was required in kabuki play to get the audience showing different preference that is in either the history plays or domestic plays like a drama, to enjoy during the full-day program. Contemporary Drama was never very popular after World War I, drama in a realist style continued to dominate the commercial theatre, especially in the United States. Even there, however, psychological realism seemed to be the goal, and nonrealistic scenic and dramatic devices were employed to achieve this end. The plays of Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams, for instance, use memory scenes, dream sequences, purely symbolic characters, projections, and the like. Even ONeills later works-ostensibly realistic plays such as Long Days Journey into Night (produced 1956)-incorporate poetic dialogue and a carefully orchestrated background of sounds to soften the hard-edged realism. Scenery was almost always suggestive rather than realistic. European drama was not much influenced by psychological realism but was more concerned with plays of ideas, as evidenced in the works of the Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello, the French playwrights Jean Anouilh and Jean Giraudoux, and the Belgian playwright Michel de Ghelderode. In England in the 1950s John Osbornes Look Back in Anger (1956) became a rallying point for the postwar angry young men; a Vietnam trilogy of the early 1970s, by the American playwright David Rabe, expressed the anger and frustration of many towards the war in Vietnam. Under he influence of Brecht, many postwar German playwrights wrote documentary dramas that, based on historical incidents, explored the moral obligations of individuals to themselves and to society. An example is The Deputy (1963), by Rolf Hochhuth, which deals with Pope Pius XIIs silence during World War II. The contemporary drama does not purport to be easy; it insists on a greater understanding of all things pertinent to modern humanity and its relationships to religion, societal order, psychology in order to appreciate its message; however, it critically acknowledges that most of us remain ignorant to all the former. Thus, the drama instructs, irritates, challenges, and begs for intelligence in order to gain from its message. It remains didactic, combined with pleasure, but always wishing to challenge the current notions of authority. References http://www. clt. astate. edu/wnarey/modern_contemporary_drama. htm Banham, Martin, (1998 ed. ). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521434378. Serrano, Josephine and Lapid, Milagros, (1987). English Communication Arts and Skills Through World Literature. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

What can I do to Prevent Prejudice Ness? :: essays research papers

â€Å"What can I do to Prevent Prejudice from Growing in my Community?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are prejudice people in almost every community. Prejudice ness doesn’t have to deal with just races; it can differ in a variety of reasons. We cannot stop all prejudice nesses in every community, however there are ways in which we can prevent it from growing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My definition for prejudice is discriminating against others who you feel are inferior to yourself. Majorities of prejudice people in America are against races different from their own. They feel that because someone is Asian, African, Middle Eastern, Hispanic, or European and speak a different language than English they are â€Å"less American† and shouldn’t be treated equally even if they were born in America or have received their citizenship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lot of adults are also prejudice against teenagers. They think that because teenagers dress in different styles, talk in slang, and hang out in large groups that they are a bunch of delinquent criminals. For example, if there is a group of teenagers walking down a street at night and a police officer drives by, they are automatically suspicious and watch them like a hawk, especially if they are Hispanic or Black. If there was a group of adults walking down the street at night, a police officer could drive them and not even think twice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is so much prejudice ness around us that we are beginning to think about it as just a way of life. We as people cannot let this happen because it will just gradually get worse. I can prevent prejudice from growing in my community even if it only helps a few individuals. I can prevent this by making an assortment of different posters showing whom it mainly affects and what will eventually happen in our future. I could also make speeches about being prejudice at a local school or even city hall welcoming anyone who would like to join. Eventually a group would evolve from my speeches.

A Reaction Paper on ASEAN Integration Essay

The video entitled ASEAN Integration- Philippines had summed up the information regarding ASEAN Integration (AI), most importantly, the advantages as well as the challenges that may fail Philippines from benefiting to it. Consequently, the integration will create a massive change for ASEAN and its member states. When this will be officially established by this year 2015, all ASEAN member states will just seem to be provinces of ASEAN. The integration will somewhat be the same with the EU, the European Union, although there are significant differences as well. With the integration, the migration, the labor market, trading, implementation of policies, and the financial markets of each member will greatly be affected. And the effects of the integration are aimed toward the economic and political development of ASEAN as a whole and within each member state. However, with the current status of the Philippines, do we think that by becoming more internationally-oriented this will make or pu sh the country to improve? When you talk of internationalization, you are really talking about policies and programs that governments and higher institutions adopt to respond to globalization. So you are internationalizing, not just because there is integration in the region, but because the world is a global village now, that one cannot isolate itself from what is happening with the rest of the world. Internationalization does not mean that you will adapt your programs only to the international manpower needs. You have to develop your pool of human resources to support both what is needed domestically, and also what is needed internationally. The demands continue to increase all over the world. Unfortunately, the resources that are available for a country is either slack or sometimes weak, and this is why Philippines is being questioned of its competitiveness. It has a lot of catching up to do in improving its competitiveness and in making the country an attractive trade and investment destination. It has to work first on addressing governance issues that hinder the country to take advantage of opportunities from regional integration. The major factors that may prevent the country  from maximizing its gains from globalization can be traced to policy shortcomings. A committed leadership that has the political will to pursue genuine reforms would be critical. Indeed, I understand why some are reluctant to bestow trust to the AI. It’s easier to go about your regular ways just repeating what you do. And any disruption or change, especially competition, threatens a lot of people, and worries a lot of people. The AI which promotes cooperation is at the same time a competition. You have emerging economies of Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam who are agricultural and Philippines is also agricultural. Each member will have to compete for economic development, it will be like survival of the fittest. By integration, you are going to sacrifice national interest, you are going to sacrifice the interest of the Filipino people, you become globally integrated to the disadvantage of the country.

Learning from Failure Essay

Everyone strives for perfection, for most people failure is not an option. However, the reality is that failure is an unpleasant fact, each day, a person fails in his or her tasks, decisions and ideas and organizations fail in their strategies and policies. In this highly competitive and achievement oriented society, a failure in any aspect of a person’s life is construed negatively and stereotyped as a sign of weakness. Failures are indeed negative occurrences that involve the inability to carry out the desired objective or goal of the individual or organization (Cannon & Edmondson, 2005). Failures can be either large scale or small scale, and it can have far-reaching effects than mere criticisms. Small-scale failures are normal consequences of the individual’s actions and decisions form day to day, for example, not being able to come to work on time is a failure on the part of the employee. Being tardy is a negative behavior and failing to be punctual can directly affect the work performance of the individual; however, such tardiness can also have dire effects on the organization. Chronic tardiness results to missed hours of work per week and probably lesser output for the department or unit and the organization as a whole. Such a failure can be dissected and analyzed as a personal failure, but it has varied implications for the organization’s policies and performance. On the other hand, large-scale failures are highly sensationalized and have the potential to lessen the competitiveness and the trust that people have on their organizations (Nevis,   DiBella & Gould, 1995). F or example, Martha Stewart’s failure and fiasco in her business enterprise have led to criticisms and stigma and for that time, sales of Martha Stewart’s products were very low. Organizational failures are often not highlighted as a basis for learning; instead, it is covered-up and undisclosed to the public. Learning from failure is not a popular concept in the American reality. Failures have a negative connotation and it is not a thing that is shared to most people. Likewise, organizations steer from the issue of failure and find immediate solutions to such failures and problems without considering the possible learning that the failure brings (Nevis,   DiBella & Gould, 1995). For example, mass resignations of pilots in an airline company spell disaster, and the most likely action for the company is to reduce flights. Learning from failure dictates that the airline company should look into the reasons of the pilots for leaving the airline. The result of the survey would be used as basis to institute changes in their policies in order to address the concerns of the pilots and to prevent mass resignations in the future. Organizations however, try very hard to keep their failures from becoming public since it would not be good for their business but making failures public communicates that the organization is willing to accept their mistakes and further commit to the improvement of their policies and procedures to prevent and minimize the occurrence of mistakes (Cannon & Edmondson, 2005). Large-scale failures that reach the consciousness of the public become common knowledge and these are used as a learning tool for other individuals and organizations.   The stock market scandals have resulted to clearer and stricter guidelines in the stock market. Thus, failures are not entirely negative; instead, it has the potential for driving new information and concepts and in the development of better policies and guidelines for all. Learning is a process that occurs throughout life, and failures play an important role in facilitating learning. Without mistakes and failure, an individual would not be able to learn what is right and acceptable from what is wrong and unacceptable. Failure is as essential to life as learning; one cannot exist without the other. Learning does not occur in a vacuum, it utilizes whatever information, and knowledge is on hand. However, the best kind of learning is said to come from failures and mistakes as it provides concrete basis for differentiating what is positive and good from what is negative and bad (Nevis,   DiBella & Gould, 1995). At an individual level, workers sent on a training workshop to learn new skills in the operation of new equipments would only have a working knowledge of the new equipment. Actual operation of the equipment would test the knowledge of the worker and the amount of learning that he has gained from the training workshop. A failure on the part of the worker would lead to the inefficient use of the equipment, and identifying one’s mistakes and source of failure would result to more learning. At this point the worker can now identify which of his actions had resulted to the mistake and which actions would control for the effects of the mistake and what behaviors he should do to prevent the mistake from recurring. In terms of organizational learning, failures are also a rich source of information that could be used to improve and strengthen the strategies that they already have in place (Cannon & Edmondson, 2005). It is important for organizations to learn from their failures as it is a factual occurrence that reflect the true state of the organization (Carmeli & Sheaffer, 2008). For example, a miscommunication between departments can bring about significant problems and difficulties in the conduct of the organizations’ activities. The most likely reaction is for the department heads and managers to resolve the problems brought about by miscommunication, but if the organization wants to apply the concept of learning from failures, they should b able to identify the source of the miscommunication and in what channels the miscommunication occurred, then the organization should look into the communication patterns of the organization and take the necessary steps to ensure that the communication systems would be corrected to prevent miscommunications in the future. Even though learning from failures has been found to be a useful tool for increasing the efficiency of organizations and in cultivating a positive culture, one that is open to experimentation and failure, not many organizations have embraced the concept and continue to disregard the learning that could be had from failures (Nevis,   DiBella & Gould, 1995). In a discussion of why organizations fail to learn from failures, it was pointed out that organizations fail to utilize failures as rich sources of information because of the lack of critical thinking skills that would identify failures as an opportunity for growth (Carmeli & Sheaffer, 2008). Additionally, organizations does not take into account and monitor for failure, instead it is systematically removed and not dwelled upon. Another reason for not being able to learn from failures is the human tendency to reduce the effect or to cover-up the incidence of a failure. Even without undue pressure, individuals have the tendency to downplay failures and mistakes and for most to find excuses and blame the failure on the system, and other individuals (Carmeli & Sheaffer, 2008). It is important to recognize that failures present a learning opportunity for organizations and even for one’s personal life, and although it takes courage and a more open and willing perspective, it is not impossible to attain. References Cannon, M. & Edmondson, A. (2005). Failing to learn and learning to fail (intelligently): How organizations put failure to work to innovate and improve. Long Range Planning, 38, 299-319 Carmeli, A., & Sheaffer, Z. (2008). How learning leadership and organizational learning from failures enhance perceived organizational capacity to adapt to the task environment. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 44:468. Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A.J., & Gould, J.M. (1995). Understanding organizations as learning systems. Sloan Management Review, 36, 73-85.

Staffing policies

Staffing policies Introduction Big business plans, which MNEs implement to preserve aggressiveness, are meant to be coming up in concurrence with their human resource branches (Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall, 1988: Schuler and MacMillan. 1984; Tichy, Fombrun and Devanna. 1982).Multinational enterprises operate in more than 25 countries globally and most of them have experienced a steadily rising growth over the last decade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Staffing policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 25 MNEs at the apex of the triangle had sales within the range of US$ 55 to US$ 175 billion in the year of 1994 alone. Most of these giant MNEs are now changing the flow of their production operations and sales and channeling them nearer to their global markets which are already widespread. Therefore, their local sales-sales within the country in which they are based- are much lower in comparison to their sales in the internatio nal market. A good example of such an MNE is IBM. It can be proven that this theory holds water considering their large shares of corporate profit. A major upshot to the placement of manufacturing operations and sales outside the mother nation is that expatriates are given obligations within the realm of vital positions in global entities. In the past times, the home nation was the pilot of such activities and the flow came from them to the multiparty business enterprises and international contributors. To illustrate this, decades ago there was one MNE that had exceeded the 40,000 mark in terms of administrators and members of staff at the same point in time. Conversely, rising figures of MNEs are engaging in intra section relocations so as to develop professions plus additional functions or they are utilizing nationals from the a third state as personnel in foreign subsidiaries, or are transferring important personnel from their alien activities (inpatriates) aboard to the main shi p which in this case is their company headquarters (Peterson, Sargent, Napier Shim, 1996). Any international enterprise has to take the staffing process seriously. This is because any global issue has to be caused by people or will ultimately be solved by people. Thus, for international corporate growth, it is mandatory to have the right personnel at the right location and at the right moment in time. Expatriate malfunction is a common phenomenon, as the international literature points out.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Often, the impact is much less on native businesses as compared to international businesses when there is cost stoppage in human and financial sectors. Losing the market share and dents to international customer connections are some of the factors to be pinpointed. One recurring problem for MNEs is the Shortage of international administrators. A survey conducted on 440 in European Enterprises highlighted that shortage of global administrators was a thorn in the flesh to expansion of MNEs outside their native nations and approximately one-third of the managers interviewed confessed that it wasn’t easy getting administrators who had the required understanding. The survey also highlighted that the success of implementing a global policy is heavily reliant on the sufficient supply of international managers with the technical know-how (Scullion, 1994).To affirm this, there’s developing literature that says there has to be a connection amid intercontinental corporate and human resource management policies that are valid to expatriate personnel in alien subsidiaries. Ethnocentric Staffing Policy The term Ethnocentricity or ethnocentrism can be defined as believing that one’s ethnic group is better than the rest. The Company operates under the rationale that Parent Country Nationals (PCNs) are actually more qua lified, experienced and trustworthy than personnel in alien nations. Recruting subsidiaries with expatriates in key administrative positions consolidate the mother-company to be in charge of decision making more than when subsidiaries are managed by host-state citizens. (Egelhoff, 1988; Kobrin, 1988).It is normally used where there is shortage of local administrative expertise and also where there is need for the company to maintain very close relations with its headquarters. Also widespread in business enterprises that are coming up and when odd technical skills are required which are nowhere to be found in the labour force of the native nation (Tung and Punnett, 1993). Companies would also rather use it when the business is configured in the order of a consolidated move toward globalization and is chiefly at the global step of tactical expansion (Deresky, 2002; Biscoe and Schuler, 2004; Scullion and Linehan, 2005; Hill, 2003;).Advertising We will write a custom essay sampl e on Staffing policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its advantages are that the skill curvature effects draw from standardized production. The enterprise manufactures in the native nation initially and channels its competency to the host country under the supervision of expatriate directors. The administrators in this case posses the expertise to generate value via experts at the hub. Furthermore, they ensure throw in to the continuation of the business culture. Some of the disadvantages include; host nation citizens are deprived of progress and this translates to alien nationals showing antipathy towards the company (Deresky, 2002). It also paints a bad picture of the firm to the public. It is also very costly to keep expatriate administrators. This makes them have a narrow-minded approach and exposes them to cultural shortsightedness (Hill, 2003). The consequence of that is the administration failing to notice market niche chances. sev eral investigations prove that subsidiaries, even when supervised by expatriates, possess corporate cultures tilting towards their own nations cultures rather than that of the mother company (Lee and Larwood,1983).Nowadays, this approach among the biggest internal hazards to any firm (Keegan, 1999). Polycentric Staffing Policy Polycentricity or polycentrism is the belief that the natives understand their environment better than the aliens and therefore key positions are given to Host Country Managers (HCNs). This method is likely to be used when a multidomestic policy is being put into action. Host citizens evolve into administrators in their own state, but their own careers are stagnated as they are never able to arrive at the apex. There is little anxiety in polycentric corporations for a common corporate culture (Heenan and Perlmutter, 1979). This approach has a composite organizational arrangement thus requiring the so much communication and incorporation that transverse state b orders (Edstrom and Galbraith, 1977). Advantageous in that the company anticipates optimum profits via elasticity since native administrators are bound to respond quickly to market requirements in the areas such as costing, manufacture, product life cycle and politics. Problems linked with expatriate administrators such as cultural shortsightedness are minimal guarantees stability in managing alien subordinates (Deresky, 2002). Moreover, the communities accept HCNs regardless of their location-both within and outside the subsidiary- plus other rising mobile staff look up to them (Deresky, 2002; Biscoe and Schuler, 2004; Scullion and Linehan, 2005; Hill, 2003; Ball, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Disadvantages are: Synergy is lacking as a result of poor communication amid state entities. Corporate headquarters are sometimes segregated from state entities and amalgamation becomes an uphill task. Eventually, this translates to sluggishness within the corporation. Familiarity of host citizens is limited to their state (Deresky, 2002). Geocentric Staffing Policy Geocentricity or geocentrism is the perception with the intention that the most qualified people should be given the job in spite of their nationality. The benefits of using this kind of policy are: The Corporation derives maximum utility from its human resources and puts together a group of professionals that can work with any ethnicity. It has been by mostly European corporations (Deresky, 2002; Biscoe and Schuler, 2004; Scullion and Linehan, 2005; Hill, 2003 ;). It balances demands from both Ethnocentric and polycentric approaches and ensures the firms operations are successful. Ethnocentric demand for low cost homoge nized activities is fulfilled as a result of sufficient typology of merchandise for the international consumer base to allow for balanced financial systems and understanding of curve effects. The polycentric stress for native response is also attained for the simple reason that the desire to congregate the discrete features that remains in all markets. The negative effect of this policy is that it is very costly to put into operation considering the necessities such as substantial cross-cultural education and expansion. Besides, it may possibly be converse to host nations need for the citizens to be given jobs by the corporation. Regiocentric Staffing Policy Regiocentricity can be defined as the disparity of staffing policy to ensemble specific geographic regions. It gives rise to a blend of TCNs, PCNs and HCNs in concurrence with the strategies for produced goods services or the corporate needs (Deresky, 2002; Biscoe and Schuler, 2004). The positive consequences of using this kind of approach are that it if a corporation wants to shift from an ethnocentric or polycentric policy to a geocentric policy; it acts as an aid. Secondly, the approach diversified to go well with the character of the corporate production and policy of the product. Thirdly, it permits managers to work together following inter-regional relocations, and lastly, it illustrates a little compassion to local situations. Choice of staffing policy As mentioned before, a connection can be illustrated between the globalization policy being tracked and the staffing policy being put into practice by most of the MNEs (Deresky, 2002; Hill, 2003). It obviously follows that corporations pursuing an international policy are likely to use an ethnocentric staffing strategy, corporations pursuing a multidomestic policy are likely to use a polycentric staffing strategy and corporations pursuing a transnational or global policy are likely to use a geocentric staffing strategy. These relationships can be exp ounded as follows: If an MNE is attempting to generate its worth through reassigning competencies at the hub to an alien operation, as corporations pursuing an international strategy are, it may accept as true that the superlative technique to get this done is by relocating PCNs who have comprehended that competency to the alien operation. If a corporation seeks to relocate a competency which is a hub in marketing to an alien subsidiary devoid of propping up the relocation of home-nation marketing administration personnel, the gimmick is likely to fail to yield the expected gains since the information underlying competency at the hub cannot be effortlessly expressed and put in black and white (Hill, 2003). As highlighted above, Corporations that have an interest in multi domestic policies yearn for the ultimate local reactions. Such corporations engage in widespread customization of their merchandise offers and consequently their marketing policies to be in rhythm with diverse natio nal conditions. If a firm wants to be localized there are undisputed benefits to recruiting HCNs. Such administrators are in touch with the local environment and culture and usually have many contacts already established. Moreover, the populace is bent on accepting HCNs both within and outside the subsidiary plus rising mobile staff look up to them for guidance (Deresky, 2002; Hill, 2003). Geocentric Staffing policies allows a company to milk its human resources for whatever its worth and essentially, enables a company to build a team of professionals who fit like a glove within any ethnicity. This is usually the pioneer level onto establishing a stable culture that unites everyone and an unofficial administration system, which are both needed for transnational strategies. In recent times, a number of critics have argued that the types of policies explained here are so straightforward that they make it tricky to comprehend the internal segregation of organizational practices contain ed by international businesses despite the fact that they are acknowledged and extensively exercised among both practitioners and intellectuals of international companies (See Table 1). The following variables influence the choice of staffing policies to be used by an MNE: First, the policy and the composition of the venture. Secondly factors associated with the subsidiary in question, for instance the time frame of the meticulous alien activity, the kind of machinery brought into play and the basic marketing and manufacturing procedures. Thirdly, factors linked to the host nation state also have a role, for instance the level of economic and technological growth, stable political atmosphere, directives considering tenure and personnel and socio-cultural situation. Conclusion In conclusion, staffing deals precisely with the purchase, orientation and allotment of human resources in a company. Within both the local and the global perspective, the staffing procedure is projected as a s eries of levels that are implemented on a recurring basis to ensure that the organization has proper personnel at any given time frame. The levels involved in this procedure are: Human resource planning which is a section of the organization’s strategic plan, recruitment, selection, orientation and induction, training to develop job skills, development to inform natives further than the requirements of their present situation, performance evaluation, compensation and rewards, reassignments and severance. In an international venture, the administration of the steps relies heavily on Company’s approach and the staffing policy that will be chosen to chosen to support that strategy. There are basically four choices of policies that a company can choose to put into practice: the ethnocentric policy, the polycentric policy, the geocentric policy and the regiocentric policy. The Variables that will influence the choice of the above variables are the policy and the composition of the venture, factors associated with the subsidiary in question, the kind of machinery brought into play and the basic marketing and manufacturing procedures. Factors linked to the host nation state also play an important role, for instance the level of economic and technological growth, stable political atmosphere, directives considering tenure and personnel and socio-cultural situation. References Ball, D.A., McCulloh, Jr., W.H., Frantz, P.L., Geringer, J.M. Minor, M.S. (2006) International business: The challenges of global competition. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Briscoe, D.R. Schuler, R.S. (2004) International human resource management London: Routledge Taylor Francis Group. Deresky, H. (2002). International management: Managing across borders and cultures Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall Egeihoff. W. G. (1988) Organizing the Multinational Enterprise: An Information Processing Perspective Cambridge, MA: Ballinger. Heenan D.A., and Perlmutter H.V.(1979),Multinational Or ganization Development Reading, MA: Addison-Welsey, pp.18-19. Hill, C.W.L. (2003) International business: Competing in the global marketplace. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Kobrin, S. J. (1988) Expatriate Reduction and Strategic Control in American Multinational Corporations, Human Resource Management, 27: 63-75. Lee, Y. and Larwood, L. (1983) The Socialization of Expatriate Managers in Multinational Firms, Academy of Management Journal. 26: 657-65. Peterson, R. B., Sargent, J., Napier, N. K., Shim,W.S. (1996). Corporate expatriate HRM policies, internationalization and performance in the world’s largest MNCs. Management International Review, 36 (3): 215 (16p). Scullion, H. Linehan, M. (2005) International human resource management: A critical text, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Schuler, R. S. and MacMillan, L.C. (1984) Gaining Competitive Advantage through Human Resource Management Practices, Human Resource Management. 23: 241-55. Tung, R. L. and Punnett, B. J. (1993) Resea rch in International Human Resource Management’. In Wong-Rieger, D. and Rieger, F. (eds) International Management Research: Looking to the Future. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 3553. Appendix Sources: Heenan D.A., and H.V. Perlmutter, 1979; Multinational Organization Development Reading, MA: Addison-Welsey, pp.18-19.